Motivation
 Embedded static SQL
 Embedded dynamic SQL
 ODBC/CLI
 JDBC

Motivation

Database Programming is a quite challenging task. Most users do not even know that they are using a database behind the scence. End users who type in interactive SQL are known as casual users [Patrick O'Neal: "Database, Principles, Programming, Performance"]. However, this way is not acceptable for applictions that are using a database. As a matter of fact there are different options to access the database within an application!
 

Embedded static SQL
"In the static SQL approach, the application developer must know exactly what SQL statements are needed and must write these SQL statements directly into the application program. The program is then proceeded by the precompiler, which converts each SQL statement into an optimzed access plan and stores the plan in the database." [Don Champerlin: DB2 Universal Database]
You can write your programs with different languages such as C, C++, Fortran and Cobol.
The sample source code can be seen via a C-programm  embedded static SQL!

Embedded dynamic SQL
In static SQL we have seen that the developer needs to know the SQL statements in advance. However, this not always possible. The program has to generate the SQL statements at run time. For this purpose, the approach of dynamic SQL has been imtroduced.
The sample source code can be seen via a C-programm  embedded dynamicSQL!

ODBC/CLI
The Call Level Interface (CLI) of DB2 has basically the same syntax of an ODBC program. However, sicne you use some header files of DB2 it provides some optimations. It implements currently the ODBC 3.0, Level 1.The Call Level Interface is developed for C. The sample code (CLI) shows the use of it! The CLI has several advantages over Embedded Dynamiy SQL.

• CLI does not require a precompiler. By linking your program to the CLI library, you have access to all SQL facilities.
• CLI programs (unlike Embedded Dynamic SQL) can connect to the same database multiple time and can indepently commit transactions in each database connection-
• Unlike Embedded Dynamic SQL, CLI supports scrollable sursors, which can be advanced forward, backward, or to an absolute position within a result set.